Omissions? Having officially placed Elijah Muhammads pet proposal on the agenda, Malcolm shifted into fervent, personal eloquence on a major point of clarification: We are in favor of complete separation of the racesnot segregation, separation!. His program called for the establishment of a separate nation for black Americans and the adoption of a religion based on the worship of Allah and on the belief that blacks are his chosen people. The opportunity to be somebody was one of Mr. Muhammad's major offerings to black men and women who joined the Black Muslimsthe name given the group by Dr. C. Eric Lincoln, chairman of the department of religion, and philosophical studies at Fisk University. Each group determined that its involvement in this cross-racial affair must be kept secret. As a boy, Mohammed received religious training in the tradition of the Nation, and in 1958 he was appointed minister of Temple No. Like his predecessor, Farrakhan was a dynamic, charismatic leader and a powerful speaker with the ability to appeal to the African American masses. 2. With that opening for violence, Fellows shifted into an even more serious gear, repeating, We can work together and put a stop to this integration. The provocative Malcolm again probed for Fellows to state his principal motive for dispatching the KKK telegram that convened the present meeting. A biography of Elijah Muhammad with a particular focus on his relationships and interactions with important members of the Nation of Islam and figures in the civil rights movement. Otherwise, civil rights integrationists would end Black and white progress, or at least shatter racial tranquility. Farrakhan to come before the religious community and then the following announcement while digressing from his previously stated remarks: "I want you to remember, today, I have one of my greatest preachers here-what are you hiding behind the sycamore tree for brother? It proposed a meeting between the two groups and implied that they had a lot in common. The Klansmen at the kitchen table were all working-class whites with no easy access to the amassed wealth of the South. (A rousing round of applause ensued). Another group, retaining both the name and the founding principles of Elijah Muhammads original Nation of Islam, was established under the leadership of Louis Farrakhan. At the same time, white political leaders such as Senator Al Gore Sr., began to denounce the Nation of Islam and hold hearings on alleged "un-American" activities. Elijah Muhammad Nevertheless, the atmosphere of rancor on both sides made ripe the environment for the secret police to meddle in the affairs of the Nation of Islam, according the late attorney, William Kuntsler. He started coming to work on time after that. Fellows and his men didnt talk about any of the Klans lethal handiwork against Black people. In the wake of the 381-day Montgomery bus boycott that the SCLC had launched in December 1955, the Klan had stepped up its campaign against desegregation with night-riding attacks, lynching of Black people and bombings of homes and churches. Louis X was given his Muslim name, Abdul Haleem Farrakhan, by Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam. The appellate court overturned that ruling Thursday. Farrakhan disagreed with Wallace Muhammads attempts to move the Nation to orthodox Sunni Islam and to rid it of Elijah Muhammads radical Black nationalism and separatist teachings, which stressed the inherent wickedness of whites. https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elijah_Muhammad&oldid=7604112. It was not so much the sit-down itself that unhinged Malcolm, according to Jeremiah; after all, Marcus Garvey himself had met with the KKKs Imperial Kleagle Edward Young Clarke nearly four decades earlier in Atlanta. Mr. Muhammad avoided their evil plan and went to Washington, D.C. to study and build a mosque there. He was born in Sandersville, Ga., on Oct. 7, 1897. In 2015 he led a march in Washington, D.C., to mark the 20th anniversary of the Million Man March. The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad,The first full biography of Elijah Muhammad, the,controversial founding father of the Nation of,Islam and the forbearer to Louis Farrakhan. For the next three and one-half years, Mr. Muhammad was personally taught by his Teacher non-stop. He moved to the city of Chicago in September of that same year. Muhammad died from congestive heart failure at the age of 77 on February 25, 1975, the day before Saviours' Day, at Mercy Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.[1]. Because of Muhammads separatist views, his most prominent disciple, Malcolm X, broke with the group and, before his assassination in 1965, helped to lend an identity to the group (once known as the American Muslim Mission and now part of the worldwide orthodox Muslim community) that split from the Nation of Islam after Muhammads death in 1975. A middle-aged passenger in the lead car got out abruptly, strode to the front door, and knocked determinedly. Copyright 2020 by the Estate of Les Payne. Foreign branches of the Nation were formed in Ghana, London, Paris, and the Caribbean islands. Biography (note) The Nation of Islam was founded in Detroit (Mosque No. Elijah Muhammad was an African American religious leader of the Nation of Islam, a religious movement based on the principles of Islam, focused specifically on black Muslims. When he died at 77, the group had 100,000 members and Muhammad had amassed a fortune of as much as $20 million, much of it collected in small sums from followers. The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X. Instead of sending his ministers striding into the Klan meeting with their bow bent, the Messenger was dispatching them with a begging bowl. Call it whatever you like. Updates? Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Messenger Elijah Muhammad's Theology of Time Lecture Series, Paperback by Muh. Farrakhan withdrew his support after Jewish voters protested his praise of Adolf Hitler, and he has been embroiled in a continuing conflict with the American Jewish community because of his making allegedly anti-Semitic statements; Farrakhan has denied being anti-Semitic. After moving to Detroit in 1923, Elijah Muhammad met W. D. Fard, founder of the black separatist movement Nation of Islam (NOI). 9780312181536. eBay Product ID (ePID) The informants notes disclosed to date no record of the death threat the Klan proposed against King. All rights reserved. Elijah served as the inspiration and mentor to several personalities, such as Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, and Muhammad Ali, who led the movement further. While in prison, Muhammads wife alongside his trusted followers guided the NOI. Malcolm X Reloaded: Who Really Assassinated Malcolm X? However, in 1982, Cook County Judge Henry Budzinski ruled that the money was given to Elijah Muhammad for his personal use and should be turned over to his children with the interest accrued. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. When Elijah Muhammad died in February 1975, the Nation of Islam fragmented. He transitioned to being a Baptist preacher once slavery was abolished. Elijah Muhammad was born on October 7, 1897 in Sandersville, Georgia, USA. Warith Deen Mohammed, original name Wallace D. Muhammad, (born Oct. 30, 1933, Detroit, Mich., U.S.died Sept. 9, 2008, Markham, Ill.), American religious leader, son and successor of Elijah Muhammad as head of the Nation of Islam, which he reformed and moved toward inclusion within the worldwide Islamic community. Elijah Muhammad did not create the Nation of Islam but he built it on a number of principles. The details of the Klan telegram, and the events that resulted, have never been fully disclosed. The founder of the Nation, Wallace D. Fard, foretold Mohammeds birth and his rise to leadership of the movement. It did not take time before he fully converted and became a Muslim. In 1931, Elijah Muhammad crossed paths with Wallace D. Fard while he listened to his Islamic preaching and the empowerment speeches that he has to the black community. Copyright 1997 NPR. He rejoined the following year but was excommunicated in 1969 and again in 1971. 11, which Malcolm had established earlier. Initially, the Klansman did not state the intended purpose of the surreptitious surveillancebut he left little doubt. Ali first met Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammad 's chief disciple at the time in Detroit in 1962. We want white robes., Returning to the stalemate over racial segregation versus separation, Malcolm chided the Klansmen that they shouldnt be able to segregate him and give him what they want him to have, instead of what he should have. In 1976 Mohammed renamed the organization the World Community of al-Islam in the West; the name was changed again to the American Muslim Mission in 1978 and to the Muslim American Society in 1985. The death of the 77yearold "Messenger of Allah," as his. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. We know he lives around here somewhere, but we dont know where, said Fellows, in a whisper. Ultimately, the charges were later dropped, and the officials were freed and Mr. Muhammad received six months' probation to take the Muslim children out of the Islamic school and put them under white Christian teachers. He currently resides in GA. Muslim leader who believed in black nationalism for African Americans. He visited the Holy City of Mecca where he performed "Umrah" (which is Pilgrimage to Mecca at a time other than the "Hajj season") during his trip to the Middle East in 1959 and advocated worldwide brotherhood and sisterhood. Staring through the window at the dusty scene, a somewhat paler Malcolm seemed transfixed with mixed emotions. Following Elijah Muhammad's death, the bank turned over the $3.3 million account to the Black Muslim movement, called the Nation of Islam, then headed by Warith Deen Muhammad. Malcolm X was Elijah Muhammad's most prominent apostle. The self-proclaimed "Messenger of Allah," Elijah Muhammad was the leader of the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. . Even before Malcolm X was born, night-riding Klan horsemen terrorized his pregnant mother and her three older children in Omaha, Nebraska. 2, he praised and let it be known who his top helper was in his work. Anyone can read what you share. He is famous for being a Politician. Point made, Malcolm relaxed the purple-robe tension by allowing the matter to float away as a nonstarter. ISBN-13. Detroit was a bustling upwardly mobile city with its burgeoning auto industry. And he had grown up convinced beyond all arguments that this same Ku Klux Klan had killed his father. He was the son of sharecropper and Baptist minister Wallace Poole and his wife, Mariah. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 773 324 6000, As Salaam Alaikum (Peace be upon you) | 90+ years of service and counting, Nation of Islam | All logos are property of the Nation of Islam. Known as The Charmer, he performed professionally on the Boston nightclub circuit as a singer of calypso and country songs. Seeing that Fards teachings were of great inspiration to him, Elijah became an avid follower. In 1934 Master W. Fard Muhammad departed the scene and left the Honorable Elijah Muhammad with the mission of resurrecting the Black man and woman. Omissions? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. After all, the assigned NOI mission was neither to score debating points nor to humiliate the Klansmen by smashing their credo to smithereensas Malcolm forthrightly would have preferred. A series of jobs included work on a Chevrolet assembly line. Muhammad was one of the leaders of his group. The racist terror was intended to derail the civil rights movement led by King and other nonviolent leaders. Membership was increasing when, in 1955, Brief history on origin of the Nation of Islam, https://noi.org/esp-honorable-elijah-muhammad/, 68 Years of Service: A Gift of Gratitude to The Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan, FBI COINTELPRO: The U.S. Governments War Against Dissent. Talk of the Nation looks back at the life of Elijah Muhammad the man who led the Nation of Islam for four decades. Soon thereafter, Elijah Poole invited and convinced his entire family to accept the religion of Islam. Where home, school and church had failed many of the followers, Mr. Muhammad had succeeded. 2023 Nation of Islam. 1 in Detroit, the University of Islamthe temple's elementary and secondary school, Muslim Girls Training Class and the Fruit of Islamthe lite corps of males assigned to protective and disciplinary functions. Remember now, they even teach you that you must not hate them for hating you.. His reforms were intended to bring the organization into line with traditional Sunni Islam and to move it away from the unique interpretation of Islam espoused by his father. Warith Deen Mohammed, original name Wallace D. Muhammad, (born Oct. 30, 1933, Detroit, Mich., U.S.died Sept. 9, 2008, Markham, Ill.), American religious leader, son and successor of Elijah Muhammad as head of the Nation of Islam, which he reformed and moved toward inclusion within the worldwide Islamic community. Im gonna tell you n-----s something, said the diminutive white stranger as he gazed up at the lanky Muslim ministers, If Im not outta here in 15 minutes, were gonna burn this house down.. Relations with American black Moslem groups have become increasingly hostile since the assasination of Malcolm X. Neighbors on adjacent porches and other Black people strolling along the paved street scampered out of sight, some glancing back over their shoulders at the long column of four-door sedans. Many other male members of the Nation of Islam at that time were imprisoned for being conscientious objectors to World War II. Malcolm X to the post of National Spokesman, and began to syndicate his weekly newspaper column, "Mr. Muhammad Speaks," in Black newspapers across the country. The time was ripe for revamping segregation so that it no longer fixed Blacks at an unacceptably low end of the totem pole. Muhammad slowly built up the membership of the Black Muslims through assiduous recruitment in the postwar decades. Elizabeth, observing from the sidelines, was not amused. Still, he could not restrain himself. However, in 1982, Cook County Judge Henry Budzinski ruled that the money was given to Elijah Muhammad for his personal use and should be turned over to his children . Elijah Muhammad was born on October 7th, in 1897. ", Consequently, Mr. Muhammad, while in Washington, D.C. Was arrested on May 8, 1942, for allegedly evading the draft. Surprisingly, the Nation's leadership chose Wallace Muhammad (now known as Warith Deen Mohammed ), the fifth of Elijah's six sons, as the new Supreme Minister. After the meeting, the 10-car convoy took Fellows and his three dozen henchmen across town and emptied them out at the two-story Tower Theater at 583 Peachtree Street. He entered Mercy Hospital Jan. 30. The Detroit experience was as critical to his later activities as were his modest beginnings. Adapting the tricky retorts that he shouted atop ladders and flatbeds trucks along Harlems 125th Street, Malcolm set debate trapsdebate ambushes, debate guillotinesfor the Klansmen. The short and scrawny stranger wore a black fedora with an unusually high crown, like a witchs hat, Jeremiah later said. Elijah Muhammad wedded Clara Evans in 1917. By the early 1960s, the Readers Digest magazine described Mr. Muhammad as the most powerful Black man in America. He was from a low-income family and therefore he was obliged to join his family in sharecropping. As of 2023, Elijah Muhammad's net worth is under review. But his mysticism was applied; it always had a quite earthly purpose. Malcolm faced a major conflict of conscience. Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 - February 25, 1975) was an American religious leader, black separatist, and self-proclaimed Messenger of Allah who led the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1934 until his death in 1975. Malcolm X was assassinated one year later by, as many believe, a direct order of Muhammad. At the critical moment, however, the national spokesman restrained himself from pulling the trap door, laboring as he was under the strictures laid down by Elijah Muhammadand with Jeremiah X taking note. The group gained more followers due to his renewed efforts in getting more members to join. Was this a veiled threat? Ali would subsequently go on to attend the rallies and lectures of Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad. It is from this location that he became a massive influence to NOI that he was leading. Similarly, he was a religious mentor to the likes of Muhammad Ali, Louis Farrakhan and Malcolm X. Elijah Muhammad was born Elijah Robert Poole on October 7th, in 1897. After an appeal, Budzinski ruled again in favor of the children in July 1986. Malcolm X is credited with playing a critical role in the evolution of Ali's religious views by steering him towards the Nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 - February 25, 1975) was an American religious leader, black separatist, self-proclaimed Messenger of Allah, who led the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1934 until his death in 1975. . The seventh son of Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam, Mohammed was marked for leadership of the society even before his birth. "This I did not do," he said. He changed his own name to Warith Deen Mohammed and adopted the title of imam instead of Supreme Minister. 7351 South Stony Island Ave. As many as 2,000 paid FBI informants were operating inside the Klan, it later would be revealed. Unbeknownst to Malcolm and Jeremiah, this initiative from the most violent, self-declared white racist group in America was being monitored by the FBI. He successfully guided his group to move to Chicago. Although devoted to his father, Mohammed began a spiritual pilgrimage that took him toward orthodox Islam. Fellows, who had signed the telegram? The Muslims viewed King as a chief rival. Elijah Muhammad. Elijah Muhammad (born October 7, 1897) is famous for being politician. Indeed, life in the rural South at the turn of the century was quite hard. These principles also brought down upon the Nation of Islam scorn from black and white Americans. There were some good n-----s, he said to the nodding grins of his colleagues. Les Payne (1941-2018) was a reporter and editor at Newsday. World Telegram & Sun photo by Stanley Wolfson, Courtesy US Library of Congress (LC-USZ62-116389), African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. Racial turmoil in the area had become a federal matter. Where Mr. Fard came from and where he went when he dropped out of sight are unknown. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. He is a notable black religious figure. Minister Louis Farrakhan and the ministers of Islam defended the Honorable Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam against these attacks in mass media in their public speeches, written editorials and other public relations thrusts. Accuracy and availability may vary. After the assassination of Brother Malcolm X, the New York mosque was fire bombed and the Muslim community was reeling. However, he was quickly arrested again this time he was imprisoned for four years at the Federal Correctional Institution situated in Michigan. I tell you what, Malcolm, Fellows finally said, we can get yall some purple robes., Oh, no, no, no. said Malcolm, unwilling to let the opposing leader slip the leash. Despite the Supreme Courts caveat prescribing all deliberate speed, the decision inspired civil rights groups to accelerate the pace of desegregationagainst stiff white opposition from parents, school boards, governors and congressmen, sheriffs and the terror tactics of the KKK. Also, it did not escape Malcolms notice that, in contrast to the Christian Reverend King, the Black Muslims drew not a jot of ire from the one white group in America that was universally despised as devils by all Black people, including Malcolm himself. He assured the two Muslim ministers that his group would take care of the dirty work, that nothing would be traceable to their organization. His published autobiography, originally conceived largely as a tribute to Elijah Muhammad, did not mention a single word about the secret 1961 meeting. 1897, Sandersville, Georgia, United States of America. He led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975 and Malcolm X and Louis Farrakhan were students of his. This penetration allowed the bureau to control or influence one of every 10 members, or 10 percent of the Ku Klux Klan. The bank account at the Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank Ltd.s Chicago branch, formerly the First Pacific Bank of Chicago, totaled $3.3 million shortly after Elijah Muhammads death in 1975, and because of accrued interest has increased to $5.7 million. The cautious Witch Hat seemed not altogether reassured. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Unable to dissuade his Messenger, however, he accepted the assignment. Talk of the Nation looks back at the life of Elijah Muhammad the man who led the Nation of Islam for four decades. Publicity in the white owned and operated media began to circulate anti-Nation of Islam propaganda on a large scale. His biography is available in 30 different languages on Wikipedia (up from 28 in 2019 . "This is one of the strongest national preachers that I have in the bounds of North America. The Georgia imperial wizard, Wild Bill Davidson, unveiled a secret weapon to combat integration that included moving all of the Black people in Georgia to a central location, Atlanta, if necessary, according to the news account of the rally in the Sunday, January 29, 1961, edition of the Atlanta Journal and Constitution. In the 10 years since Malcolm X's assassination by three said to be Black Muslims, Elijah Muhammad ruled his movement from its Chicago headquarters. Elijah later left his home place to go and work in factories. Probing for common ground on their terms, Fellows said the Klan had gotten a bad reputation in the press. There were thugs, dope addicts and prostitutes in the Nation of Islam. By the mid-sixties, Mr. Muhammad's ever-growing Islamic movement extended itself to more than 60 cities and settlements abroad in Ghana, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America among others places, according to the Muhammad Speaks newspaper, the religion's chief information apparatus. He asked Malcolm and Jeremiah directly if the Muslims would reveal where King resided and supply the Klansmen a schedule of his habits and real-time movements when he was in town. He was a major promoter of independent, black-operated businesses, institutions, and religion. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Louis X first proved himself at Temple No. Just as suddenly, the 10-car motorcade of white men rolled back into position in front of the house. But it was not until 1946, when Muhammad had served his four-year prison sentence for preaching sedition and avoiding the draft during World War II, that he could build the Nation of Islam according to his beliefs. In fact, the Klan was regarding him and Jeremiah, two key ministers of Elijah Muhammads Black Muslims, as potential allies. Elijah Muhammad avoided the World War II draft which led to his arrest in 1942. In this period Elijah Muhammad was arrested for contributing to the delinquency of a minor because he sent his children to the University of Islam instead of to Detroit's public schools. Elijah Muhammad was born on October 7th, in 1897. Islam was a science and a way of life, not a religion, he said. But clearly the Klansmen considered their racial segregation and the Muslims separation as amounting to a distinction without a difference over which the white knights need not quibble. He changed his name, became leader of the movement and moved its headquarters to Chicago in 1934. The inclusion of his phone number, with an exchange that indicated he lived in the Grant Park section of the city, suggested that he awaited an answer. Who exactly was this W.S. 1022 words Read More Muslim Terrorism in the United States analytical essay However, let them know that you dont want segregation; you want separation. Spearheading the drive to enforce the ruling were such well-established organizations as the NAACP, the National Urban League, and the Congress of Racial Equality, as well as the newly formed Southern Christian Leadership Conference, headed by the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Each group was on record as opposing the goals of the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., although for separate and unequal reasons. But, I want you to remember every week he's on the air helping me to reach those people that I can't get out of my house and go reach them like he. AboutPressCopyrightContact. Corrections? Muhammads branch of the Nation of Islam took on the name American Muslim Mission after Louis Farrakhan split with the group in 1977. They had eight children, Emmanuel, Ethel, Lottie, Nathaniel, Herbert, Elijah, Jr., Wallace and Akbar. Omissions? ("Biography"). He kept coming to work late, so I took a stick and whipped that n-----, Fellows said. Muhammads humbling outreach to the murderous Klan had served, finally, to open Malcolms eyes. The heirs have two weeks to ask the appellate court for a rehearing and 21 days to appeal to the Illinois Supreme Court. The Honorable Elijah Muhammad teaches us that after hundreds of years of slavery, the Black man in America is entitled to some land, free and clear, that he could develop and set up as a separate Black nation, Malcolm said by rote. Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 February 25, 1975) was an African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He believed Mr. Muhammad's religious interpretations that excluded Caucasian Moslems too narrow, and he was concerned by the Black Muslims policy of nonengagement in civil rights and political affairs. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. And yet here was a group of local Klansmen plotting to stalk this nonviolent Black leader toward no good end. By 1955, the group had about fifteen temples and by 1959 NOI had about 50 temples across 22 states. He struck a note nowhere near as assertive toward the Klan as Malcolm had hoped. His teacher had instructed him to go to Washington, D.C. to visit the Library of Congress in order to research 104 books on the religion of Islam, among other subjects. Elijah Muhammad's ascent is another instance of a black man from a small Southern town who achieved national eminence as a religious leader. Still, the two races were said to be incapable of living together in peace. He told those who listened that he had come to wake the Dead Nation of the West, that he would teach the truth about the white man, that blacks must get ready for Armageddonthe inevitable confrontation between black and white that black men were not to be called Negroes and that Christianity was the religion of the slavemasters. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Nonetheless the Nation attracted numerous converts including Malcolm Little who became Malcolm X. Employs the FBI files and focuses on the agency's surveillance and interference with the Nation of Islam. And finally, internal turmoil within the Detroit temple caused Mr. Muhammad to move to Chicago, where he established Temple No. His father, Wali Poole, was also a Baptist preacher, and Elijah was one of 13 children. Walcott, as he was then known, was raised in Boston by his mother, Sarah Mae Manning, an immigrant from St. Kitts and Nevis. Also, after assuming the leadership of the Temple of Islam by the order of the Founder of the Nation of Islam, Mr. Muhammad faced a death plot at the hands of a few disgruntled members. Although King and his family lived nearby, and Jeremiah saw him occasionally at Pascals Restaurant and other dining spots, the internationally known celebrity had begun to move around his hometown stealthily and with security details. His formal education ended at the fourth grade, and at 16 he left home. This page was last changed on 8 June 2021, at 20:49. With barely a college degree among them, each group worked through the sit-down as self-appointed diplomats for its entire race. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elijah-Muhammad, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Elijah Muhammad, Elijah Muhammad - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). He was born in the United States. Everywhere you see him, look at him. On the afternoon of January 28, 1961, at the home of Minister Jeremiah X, the Atlanta minister of the Nation of Islam (NOI), Malcolm X sprang to the living room window and peered through the Venetian blinds.
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